TCP/IP Model All Layers Working || TCP/IP Model ||

                                   TCP/IP Model Layer's Working

#Summary - in today's blog we will discuss about all layers working of TCP/IP Model.

#Working of TCP/IP Layers  

* According to diagram if pc1 want to communicate with pc 2 so first data goes to Application layer so after that what function's performs in the Application Layer let's see -

#Application Layer -

*Application Layer work as a interface between application and layers 

*Application Layer Provide Node to Node Communication

*Application Layer define how to flow data from one application to another

*Application Layer performs Encryption process

*Application Layer performs Compression process 

*Application Layer performs Synchronization

 *Application Layer Popular Protocol - 

• SMTP • DNS • DHCP • FTP • NFS • SNMP • TFTP 

^After performing above task data come to transport layer 

#Transport Layer or Host to Host Layer -

*Transport Layer create reliable end to end communication

*At the Transport Layer, the TCP/IP defines the TCP and UDP Protocols. 

*During the communication TCP Protocol makes link connection that help if data is corrupted or lost during communication.

*TCP is a connection oriented protocol and UDP a connection less protocol

*Transport Layer performs assembling and segmenting task

*Port Addressing - Transport Layer includes service-point address in the header and using these port addresses delivers the packets to the correct address

*Transport Layer also performs Error Checking 

^After Performing this task segments comes to Internet Layer

#Internet Layer -

*IP Addressing - When the Packet is destined for a device outside the network, we require other addressing scheme to identify source and destination. Network layer adds header to the data that includes the IP Address Configuration  of the Source and destination. IP Address is a 32 bit logical address that uniquely identifies the devices in the network.

*Routing - Routing is a process wherein a proper path is defined for the packets to reach the destination.

*Internetworking - When two or more Computer networks connected with each other that types connection known as Internetworking. Network Layer is responsible for Internetworking.

*Internet Layer Protocol -

 Internetworking Protocol (IP) 
 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 
 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) 
 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 
 Internet Group Message Protocol (IGMP)  

^After Performing this task packet comes to Network Access Layer

#Network Access Layer - Function of this Layer


*Responsible for Hardware addressing 

*Its Contain two sublayer MAC Sublayer and Physical Sublayer

* Topology - In the Network how devices are connected with each other its define through the Topology.

* Transmission Rate - Physical Layer defines the transmission rate of data means how many bit transmitted per second. It means how long will the duration of bit.

* Transmission Mode - Physical Layer defines the transmission mode (Simplex, Half Duplex, Full Duplex) between two devices. Transmission Modes are - 

a) Simpex - Communication is done only in one direction means one device can only send data and other can only receive.

b) Half Duplex - In this types transmission Communication is done in both the direction but not at the same time. Example - Walkie Talkie.

c) Full Duplex - In this types transmission communication is done simultaneously in both the directions at the same time. Example - Mobile Calling.

* Encoding & Media - Before Transmission Physical Layer encodes the signal into electrical or optical from depending upon media and defines the types of the transmission media like copper wires or fibre optic cables.


Note - When we add Header that is called Encapsulation and when we remove Header that is called Decapsulation and when ip address and port address attachment is called socket.


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